An illustration of a laser assisted machining set up with the ceramic rod, cutting tool, laser spot, and material removal plane is illustrated in figure 1. Laser assisted machining lam offers the ability to machine such superalloys more efficiently by locally heating and softening the workpiece material prior to material removal and machining with a conventional singlepoint cutting tool. The objective of the current study is to determine the. Laserassisted machining lam has begun to emerge as a viable industrial option for machining of difficultto machine materials. At elevated temperatures the yield strength of a brittle material. Laser assisted machining of hardtowear materials 157 it is expected that lam will increase tool life and reduce machining time, thus reducing the cost to manufacture parts. Recent years have seen a substantial growth in the use of advanced materials to obtain improved properties such as high hardness, thermal stability, and wear resistance, which are required to meet the stringent specifications of modern products. Of difficultto machine materials smit mistry 141030011021. In order to reduce overall machining costs, laser assisted machining lam is investigated for machining. A method and apparatus 1 for machining a semiconductor or ceramic workpiece 32 causes a portion of the workpiece to undergo high pressure phase transformation to form a high pressure phase transformation portion which has altered optical properties from the remainder of the workpiece. Distance angle between heated area by laser beam and zone of machining was 30 degree in case of mmc fig. Laser assisted machining lam is adopted to improve its machinability and hence machining economics. Most of this work was done with traditional lasers co2, nd. Laser assisted machining overview laser assisted machining is a hybrid method which uses a high power laser to locally heat the workpiece prior to material removal with a traditional cutting tool.
Highpower diode laser assisted hard turning of aisi d2. The micro laser assisted machining lam process provides a viable enhancement to spdt, which facilitates ductile mode material removal by locally heating the cutting region with laser 3, 4. With the advent of the fiber lasers, using this technology for. The work presented here is a study of the laser assisted machining of inconel 718 nicr19fenb at 46 hrc with carbide and ceramic insert. Development of prerepair machining strategies for laser.
Modeling of laser assisted machining process using. The tests have shown a reduction in the cutting force, and have. Yag and co2 lasers and the benefits is reported in 9. These processes are developed to exploit the potential. Cutting is a method applicable to threedimensional machining. Laser assisted machining of difficult to cut materials. In this research, we applied laserassisted machining for cutting of glass. In the dlam technique, the laser beam passes through a light transmissive sapphire cutting tool and directly irradiates the workpiece at the point of contact between the tool edge and the workpiece see fig. Laser assisted machining of metal matrix composites.
The mechanics of assist gas in laser cutting kemplon. The laser beam used to heat up work materials is very flexible in. We first conducted laser assisted milling for plane surface cutting. Laser cutting, due to the narrow kerf width results in a superior quality, higher accuracy and greater flexibility 9. Study of the influences of laser parameters on laser. Since laser technology has considerable synergy with machining technologies, laser machining lm and laser assisted machining lam are relevant research topics. Locate the focal point just over the material when cutting with oxygen because oxygen adds to the laser s power. Laser assisted machining lam is a new and innovative technique for machining the difficulttocut materials. Micro laser assisted machining plam of precision optics.
Hybrid laserassisted mechanical micromachining lamm. Laser drilling assisted with jet electrochemical machining. Laser assisted millinggrinding laser assisted millinggrinding is a type of thermally assisted machining process in which a workpiece is locally softened by a laser heat source before machining. Laser assisted machining of difficult to cut materials cyberleninka.
Cutting temperature and laser beam temperature effects on. In particular, results important for superalloys, e. A more detailed description of how the lam technology is incorporated into spdt can be found in 5. In particular, as laser technology has improved, many researchers have studied laser assisted machining lam, a type of tam 7,8. Pdf ductile mode micro laser assisted machining of. Laser assisted machining was carried out with a 2,6 kw co. Laser drilling assisted with jet electrochemical machining hua zhang school of mechanical engineering, nantong university, nantong, jiangs u china 1.
Laserassisted machining of compacted graphite iron inpe. An optical raytracing model is developed and used for. Laser based hybridcross assisted machining machining processes, which are combinations of two or more machining processes, have attracted special interest in the. Laser assisted mechanical micromachining, microgrooving, mold steel, heat affected zone 1. Stateoftheart and preliminary research in laser assisted machining hybrid manufacturing technologies such as ultrasonic and laser assisted machining offer high potential for increased production efficiency. This academicindustry project is aimed at transferring laserassisted machining lam of structural ceramics from a laboratory science to commercial practice on. In lam a laser provides intense localized heating to the workpiece ahead of the cutting region see right. Observations on ductile laser assisted diamond turning of. Improvement of machinability of waspaloy via laser. Us20140263214a1 laserassisted machining lam of hard. Machined surface roughness was measured for each trial of experiment. The effectiveness of the laser assisted machining process is studied by measuring the cutting forces, specific cutting energy, surface roughness, subsurface damage, and tool wear under various.
Pdf laser assisted machining of titanium alloys researchgate. Manufacturing and materials processing journal of article laser irradiation effects in simulated laser assisted machining of type 316l ss agostino maurotto 1, id, fabio scenini 2 and bjoern kraemer 1 1 nuclear amrc, the university of shef. The following paper comprises the novel process approach, fundamental process. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces. Laserassisted machining of difficult to cut materials intechopen. A study on the laserassisted machining of carbon fiber. Hybrid machining processes such as laser assisted machining lam have increasedconsiderably during the last years 18. However, precision cutting of glass is difficult because glass is a hard and brittle material. The challenge in laser assisted machining is to optimize the process parameters to get good surface integrity without changing the metallurgical and mechanical. Laser assisted machining lam can improve the machinability of materials by locally heating the material prior to its removal.
Low power direct laserassisted machining of carbon fibre. A laser is irradiated on the high pressure transformation portion to heat the high pressure. Surface roughness analysis after laser assisted machining. It may also make it possible to machine extremely hard materials, which currently cannot be used because the cost to machine. Heat affected zones haz and laser cut quality are the two important factors in lbm. Laserassisted milling of advanced materials sciencedirect. Laser assisted machining and micromachining a hybrid method of shaping difficult. The method of lam of bone involves determining a target bone needing to be machined an then scanning a high power density laser beam along the bone at a machining rate that produces lowheat affected zones haz on the target bone. Ductile mode micro laser assisted machining of silicon carbide sic.
Laser assisted machining of metal matrix composites laser assisted machining of metal matrix composites 1 submitted by drupal on wed, 102320 18. Manufacturing technologies for human and robotic space. Laser irradiation effects in simulated laserassisted. Laser assisted additive manufacturing lam process for component repair has been becoming an effective candidate due to its for part fabricated material good refurbishment properties and solid bi material bonding 1 3, feasibility of depositing a wide range of materials. Utilizing laser assisted machining, demonstrate improved surface finish and cosmetic appearance by reducing visual haze and pullouts on zns. Highpower diode laser assisted hard turning of aisi d2 tool steel laser assisted machining involves localized, selective laser heating of the workpiece just ahead of the cutting tool in order to reduce the shear strength of the work material in the immediate vicinity of the shear zone difficulties with the integration of co 2 and ndyag. A transient, threedimensional heat transfer model is used for modeling lam of waspaloy. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining. To get best process parameters is necessary a comprehensive analysis of temperature distribution in the cutting area, so thermal field simulation becomes key point to achieve good results.
Introduction there is a growing demand for devices with micro and meso scale features in optics, semiconductors and micro molding of plastics. Laserassisted machining of inconel 718 with an economic. The high frequency of monochromatic light will fall on the surface then heating, melting and vaporizing of the material take place due. In this study, a new direct laser assisted machining technique dlam is applied in cfrp cutting. Pdf laser assisted machining is categorized in preheat machining process.
Laser assisted micronano machining is another important development in this direction 14, 15. A lot of work has been carried out in the field of laser assisted machining lam of ceramics. Precision cutting of glass by laserassisted machining. Various physical phenomena which accompany laser assisted machining lam are discussed. Laserassisted machining laser materials processing lab. The scratch tests examine the effect of temperature in thermal softening of the. Excessive nitrogen can cause plasma indicated by a purplewhite arc. Laserassisted machining lam has recently emerged as a potential technique for attaining high material removal rates. Laser assisted machining of silicon nitride northern illinois. The associated manufacturing cost is high because of low material removal rates and rapid tool wear. Pdf micro laser assisted machining lam of precision. Introduction laser drilling is a noncontact, precise and reprod ucible technique that can be used to form small diameter and highaspect ratio holes in a wide variety of materials. This way, you are plasma cutting with a laser and creating a rough edge. The lam is an ecofriendly machining method that uses the highdensity laser beam to soften workpieces and removes the material with cutting tools along the machining.
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